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CNN
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Right here’s a have a look at Myanmar, a rustic in southeast Asia previously often called Burma.
(from the CIA World Factbook)
Space: 676,578 sq km (barely smaller than Texas)
Inhabitants: 57,069,099 (July 2021 est.)
Median age: 29.2 years
Capital: Naypyidaw
Ethnic Teams: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese language 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, different 5%
Faith: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, Different 0.2%, None 0.1% (2014 est.)
Unemployment: 4% (2017 est.)
Prono: MEE’-an-mar
Myanmar shares borders with China, India, Laos, Bangladesh and Thailand.
The US formally nonetheless calls the nation Burma.
The United Nations Excessive Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates there have been 1,270,000 individuals of concern, together with stateless and internally displaced individuals, in Myanmar as of January 2022.
The Rohingya are a stateless Muslim minority in Myanmar’s Rakhine State thought to quantity about a million individuals initially of 2017. Myanmar doesn’t acknowledge them as residents or one of many 135 acknowledged ethnic teams residing within the nation. In keeping with Human Rights Watch, legal guidelines discriminate in opposition to the Rohingya, infringing on their freedom of motion, training and employment.
In keeping with the UN’s Inter Sector Coordination Group, over 760,000 Rohingya refugees have fled Myanmar for Bangladesh since 2017, bringing the overall Rohingya refugee inhabitants in Cox’s Bazar to greater than 918,000 (As of January 2022).
1824-1886 – Burma turns into a part of British India after combating three wars with Nice Britain over 62 years.
January 1947 – After negotiating with the Anti-Fascist Folks’s Freedom League (AFPFL), Nice Britain agrees to offer Burma its independence.
July 1947 – AFPFL chief Aung San is assassinated.
January 4, 1948 – Burma positive factors independence from the UK.
March 1962 – The navy authorities is established below Ne Win after a cold coup.
August-October 1988 – Mass anti-government demonstrations happen all through Burma. The official Radio Rangoon determine is 450 lifeless; the precise quantity is believed to be a lot increased.
September 1988 – Gen. Noticed Maung takes over in one other navy coup.
1989 – Burma modifications its identify in English to Myanmar and the identify of the capital from Rangoon to Yangon.
Might 1990 – Normal elections are referred to as by the junta. Activist Aung San Suu Kyi’s NLD (Nationwide League for Democracy) get together wins simply, however the navy refuses at hand over energy.
April 23, 1992 – Gen. Than Shwe replaces Noticed Maung as head of the junta.
July 23, 1997 – Myanmar joins the Affiliation of Southeast Asian Nations.
March 2006 – Naypyidaw turns into the brand new administrative capital.
August 19, 2007 – Protests escape in Yangon after the federal government raises petroleum and diesel costs by 100%.
September 22, 2007 – In her first public look in over 4 years, Suu Kyi greets monks as they march previous her home in Yangon.
September 24, 2007 – Buddhist monks lead about 100,000 within the largest anti-government demonstrations since 1988.
September 26, 2007 – As protests proceed, Myanmar safety forces crack down – clubbing and gassing protestors and arresting as many as 200 monks.
September 30, 2007 – Particular UN envoy Ibrahim Gambari meets with Suu Kyi and with navy officers (individually) to try to resolve the scenario.
October 20, 2007 – The UN Normal Meeting approves a decision condemning the federal government crackdown and asking for the discharge of political protesters.
Might 2, 2008 – A cyclone kills greater than 70,000 individuals. The United Nations later estimates that greater than two million persons are severely affected by the storm.
Might 20, 2008 – It’s introduced that UN Secretary Normal Ban Ki-moon will probably be allowed to tour the devastated space hit by the cyclone. Additionally, shipments of help barred from coming into the nation will probably be allowed in.
June 5-10, 2010 – Greater than 4,000 ethnic Karen depart Myanmar for Thailand after clashes between the Karen Nationwide Union insurgent group and the Myanmar military.
June-July 2010 – Floods and landslides kill 68 individuals and displace 1000’s.
October 22, 2010 – Cyclone Giri hits Myanmar, leaving no less than 27 individuals lifeless and near 75,000 homeless.
November 7, 2010 – Myanmar holds its first elections in 20 years. The Union Solidarity and Improvement Get together, backed by the navy, claims victory with 80% of the votes.
November 13, 2010 – Opposition chief Suu Kyi is launched from home arrest.
January 31, 2011 – Myanmar convenes its first parliament in additional than 20 years within the capital, Naypyidaw.
February 4, 2011 – The parliament elects Prime Minister Thein Sein as president. Suu Kyi’s NLD get together boycotts the elections, calling it a sham.
March 30, 2011 – A civilian authorities is sworn in to exchange the navy junta.
October 12, 2011 – Dozens of political prisoners are launched as a part of a mass amnesty.
November 30, 2011 – Hillary Clinton arrives in Myanmar, the primary go to by a US secretary of state in additional than 50 years.
December 13, 2011 – The NLD is granted permission to register for future elections in Myanmar.
April 1, 2012 – Suu Kyi wins a seat in parliament within the first multi-party elections since 1990.
April 13, 2012 – British Prime Minister David Cameron arrives in Myanmar. He’s the primary British prime minister to go to the nation.
April 28, 2012 – EU overseas coverage chief Catherine Ashton meets with Suu Kyi. The European Union has suspended many of the sanctions it had imposed on Myanmar, citing the “clear and credible” election that introduced Suu Kyi to workplace and different reforms.
April 29, 2012 – UN Secretary-Normal Ban arrives in Myanmar to satisfy with President Thein Sein and Suu Kyi.
Might 2, 2012 – Suu Kyi takes the oath of workplace for Myanmar’s parliament, resolving an deadlock that had been stopping her from taking her seat within the legislature. She and 33 different newly elected members of the Nationwide League for Democracy had been delaying their swearings-in as a consequence of objections to the wording of the oath they must take.
June 2012 – Unrest breaks out within the western state of Rakhine. Spiritual violence leaves greater than 200 lifeless and near 150,000 homeless – predominantly members of the Rohingya Muslim minority.
November 19, 2012 – US President Barack Obama turns into the primary sitting US president to go to Myanmar. He meets with President Thein Sein and activist Suu Kyi.
March 10, 2013 – Suu Kyi wins reelection as Myanmar’s chief of the NLD.
March 22, 2013 – A state of emergency is said as ethnic clashes between Muslims and Buddhists result in killings.
Might 2, 2013 – US President Obama extends sanctions in opposition to Myanmar for one 12 months whereas lifting the 1996 visa ban.
April 7, 2014 – The UN’s Particular Rapporteur on Myanmar, Tomas Ojea Quintana, reviews that the latest persecution of the Rohingya group “might quantity to crimes in opposition to humanity.”
Might 15, 2014 – Obama extends sanctions in opposition to Myanmar for one more 12 months.
Might 15, 2015 – Obama extends sanctions in opposition to Myanmar for one more 12 months.
August 3, 2015 – Authorities say that heavy monsoon rains prior to now month have left no less than 47 individuals lifeless and displaced greater than 200,000.
August 7, 2015 – Authorities officers say that the loss of life toll from the flooding has risen to 88 and 330,000 others have been affected.
November 13, 2015 – The Myanmar election fee publicizes that Suu Kyi’s NLD get together has gained the bulk within the nation’s first democratically held parliamentary elections. They’ll select the nation’s subsequent president.
March 15, 2016 – Myanmar’s parliament elects Htin Kyaw because the nation’s new president. Htin Kyaw was elected to the place by 360 votes, greater than a 3rd of the parliament’s out there 652 votes.
October 9, 2016 – About 300 males armed with knives, pistols and swords assault border posts in Rakhine State, killing 9 law enforcement officials. Rakhine State is residence to a big inhabitants of Rohingya Muslims. The assaults spark an intense crackdown by the Myanmar navy, which they name “clearance operations” within the Rohingya villages to seek out the suspects concerned, and to retrieve their weapons.
February 3, 2017 – A UN report alleges Myanmar’s safety forces are waging a brutal marketing campaign of homicide, rape and torture in Rakhine State. Aye Aye Soe, a spokeswoman for the Myanmar authorities, says the federal government has seen the report and is “very involved concerning the allegations” and can examine.
August 25, 2017 – Myanmar’s state media reviews 12 safety officers have been killed throughout a sequence of coordinated assaults concentrating on no less than 20 police outposts and a military base in Rakhine State. An rebel group often called the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Military, previously often called Harakat al-Yaqeen – or “Religion Motion” – claims accountability for the assault on Twitter. In response to the assaults, Myanmar’s navy renews an offensive contained in the state in opposition to what it says are “terrorists.”
September 11, 2017 – UN Excessive Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’advert Al Hussein says the persevering with Myanmar navy operation in opposition to the minority Rohingya individuals seems to be a “textbook instance of ethnic cleaning,” however the full humanitarian scenario in Rakhine State can’t be totally assessed due to Myanmar’s refusal to offer entry.
September 19, 2017 – In a 30-minute televised handle from Nyapyidaw, Suu Kyi doesn’t denounce alleged atrocities in opposition to the Rohingya neighborhood and claims the federal government wants extra time to analyze the exodus of greater than 400,000 members of the group from Myanmar. Amnesty Worldwide describes the speech – wherein Suu Kyi solely as soon as refers back to the Rohingya by identify – as a “mixture of untruths and sufferer blaming.”
December 12, 2017 – In keeping with a report launched by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), no less than 6,700 Rohingya died on account of violence in Rakhine state between August 25 and September 24.
December 2017 – Reuters journalists Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone are detained after engaged on an investigation into the mass killing of quite a lot of Rohingya villagers in Myanmar’s Rakhine state.
March 12, 2018 – Particular Rapporteur on Myanmar Yanghee Lee says that Myanmar’s ongoing crackdown on the Rohingya might quantity to genocide. She states, “I’m changing into extra satisfied that the crimes dedicated following 9 October 2016 and 25 August 2017 bear the hallmarks of genocide and name within the strongest phrases for accountability.”
March 21, 2018 – The federal government publicizes President Htin Kyaw has resigned as a consequence of poor well being.
March 28, 2018 – Myanmar’s parliament elects Win Myint as the brand new president.
March 31, 2018 – The United Nations publicizes that Myanmar and the UN have reached a deal to work collectively to repatriate a whole bunch of 1000’s of Rohingya Muslims who’ve fled violence within the nation within the final 12 months.
Might 22, 2018 – An Amnesty Worldwide report finds members of the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Military (ARSA) allegedly massacred dozens of males, girls and kids, execution-style in Hindu villages in Myanmar’s Rakhine State in August 2017.
September 3, 2018 – After being convicted of breaking the Official Secrets and techniques Act throughout their investigation, Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone are sentenced to seven years onerous labor by a Myanmar courtroom. Reuters, with particular point out of the 2 journalists, is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Worldwide Reporting in April 2019.
September 18, 2018 – A UN fact-finding mission releases an in depth 440-page report detailing atrocities carried out by the Myanmar navy in opposition to Rohingya Muslims, in assist of its name for the nation’s generals to face a global tribunal on fees of genocide.
Might 7, 2019 – Reuters reporters Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone are launched after being jailed for greater than 500 days. They’re launched as a part of an amnesty of 6,520 prisoners by President Win Myint.
August 22, 2019 – 3,450 Rohingya refugees, from an inventory of greater than 22,000 offered by Bangladesh, are cleared to return to Myanmar. Caroline Gluck, UNHCR’s Senior Regional Public Data Officer, says “If any refugee expresses curiosity in returning, we might perform a second interview with the people in a confidential setting to reconfirm their voluntariness and supply them as a lot info as we might about prevailing situations in Myanmar.” It stays unclear if any refugees accepted the provide of voluntary repatriation.
January 23, 2020 – The Worldwide Courtroom of Justice orders Myanmar to forestall acts of genocide in opposition to the Rohingya and to cease destroying proof that might play an element within the case.
July 2, 2020 – A landslide triggered by heavy rain kills no less than 116 individuals at a jade mine within the Hpakant space of Kachin State in northern Myanmar.
November 13, 2020 – The NLD, the ruling get together of Myanmar, wins sufficient parliamentary seats to kind the subsequent authorities, in response to official outcomes of a normal election.
February 1, 2021 – Myanmar’s navy seizes energy in a coup and declares a state of emergency, after detaining Suu Kyi and different senior authorities leaders in early morning raids.
March 27, 2021 – Myanmar’s navy junta chief Min Aung Hlaing throws a lavish feast whereas his troops reportedly shoot lifeless no less than 114 individuals throughout demonstrations and drive 1000’s of individuals to flee into neighboring Thailand. It’s the deadliest day because the military seized energy in a coup and overthrew the nation’s elected authorities on February 1.
April 16, 2021 – Opponents of the navy junta announce a Nationwide Unity Authorities (NUG), a shadow civilian authorities, with Suu Kyi named because the de facto chief.
April 24, 2021 – Following a gathering of the Affiliation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Southeast Asian leaders say they’ve agreed on a plan with Myanmar’s junta chief to finish the disaster within the violence-hit nation, however Min Aung Hlaing didn’t explicitly reply to calls for to halt the killing of civilian protesters.
August 1, 2021 – State media reviews that Min Aung Hlaing has taken on the function of Prime Minister in a newly shaped caretaker authorities, six months after the military seized energy from a civilian authorities. In a speech, Min Aung Hlaing repeats a pledge to carry elections by 2023 and says his administration is able to work with a future regional envoy on Myanmar.
March 21, 2022 – US Secretary of State Antony Blinken publicizes he has decided that the navy of Myanmar dedicated genocide and crimes in opposition to humanity in opposition to the nation’s minority Rohingya inhabitants in 2016 and 2017.
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